Annotated Bibliography

Van Melle E, Frank JR, Holmboe ES, Dagnone D, Stockley D, Sherbino J. International Competency-based Medical Education Collaborators. A Core Components Framework for Evaluating Implementation of Competency-Based Medical Education Programs. Acad Med. 2019 Jul;94(7):1002-1009. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002743. PMID: 30973365.

• This study Identifies the 5 core components of CBME. 1) Outcome competencies, 2) Sequenced progression, 3) Tailored learning experiences, 4) Competency-focused instruction, 5) Programmatic assessment
  

Frank JR, Snell LS, Cate OT, Holmboe ES, Carraccio C, Swing SR, Harris P, Glasgow NJ, Campbell C, Dath D, Harden RM, Iobst W, Long DM, Mungroo R, Richardson DL, Sherbino J, Silver I, Taber S, Talbot M, Harris KA. Competency-based medical education: theory to practice. Med Teach. 2010;32(8):638-45. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2010.501190. PMID: 20662574.

• This study provides background and history relevant to CBME.
  

Karpinski J, Stewart J, Oswald A, Dalseg TR, Atkinson A, Frank JR. Competency-Based Medical Education at Scale: A Road Map for Transforming National Systems of Postgraduate Medical Education. Perspect Med Educ. 2024 Feb 6;13(1):24-32. doi: 10.5334/pme.957. PMID: 38371306; PMCID: PMC10870941.

• This study provides important insights into implementation of CBME at scale in Canada.
  

Hamza DM, Hauer KE, Oswald A, van Melle E, Ladak Z, Zuna I, Assefa ME, Pelletier GN, Sebastianski M, Keto-Lambert D, Ross S. Making sense of competency-based medical education (CBME) literary conversations: A BEME scoping review: BEME Guide No. 78. Med Teach. 2023 Aug;45(8):802-815. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2023.2168525. Epub 2023 Jan 20. PMID: 36668992.

• Scoping review of CBME
  

Hodges BD. A tea-steeping or i-Doc model for medical education? Acad Med. 2010 Sep;85(9 Suppl):S34-44. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181f12f32. PMID: 20736582.

• Good discussion comparing time and outcome-based models
  

Hall J, Oswald A, Hauer KE, Hall AK, Englander R, Cheung WJ, ICBME Collaborators. Twelve tips for learners to succeed in a CBME program. Medical Teacher. 2021 Jul 3;43(7):745-50.

• 12 tips article about how to implement CBME, with good info about learner impact
  

Carraccio C, Englander R, Van Melle E, et al. Advancing Competency-Based Medical Education: A Charter for Clinician-Educators. Acad Med. 2016;91(5):645-9.

• The International Competency-Based Medical Education (ICBME) Collaborators propose three fundamental principles: (1) Medical education must be based on the health needs of the populations served; (2) the primary focus of education and training should be the desired outcomes for learners rather than the structure and process of the educational system; and (3) the formation of a physician should be seamless across the continuum of education, training, and practice.
  

Carraccio C, Englander R, Gilhooly J, et al. Building a Framework of Entrustable Professional Activities, Supported by Competencies and Milestones, to Bridge the Educational Continuum. Acad Med. 2017;92(3):324-330.

• The authors briefly describe the evolution of the Pediatrics Milestone Project and the process for identifying EPAs for the specialty and subspecialties of pediatrics. The method of integrating EPAs with competencies and milestones through a mapping process is discussed, and an example is provided.
  

Kalun P, Braund H, McGuire N, McEwen L, Mann S, Trier J, Schultz K, Curtis R, McGuire A, Pereira I, Dagnone D. Was it all worth it? A graduating resident perspective on CBME. Med Teach. 2024 May 14:1-9. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2024.2339408. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38742827.

• Resident perspective on CBME.
  

Thoma B, Hall AK, Clark K, Meshkat N, Cheung WJ, Desaulniers P, Ffrench C, Meiwald A, Meyers C, Patocka C, Beatty L. Evaluation of a national competency-based assessment system in emergency medicine: a CanDREAM study. Journal of Graduate Medical Education. 2020 Aug 1;12(4):425-34.

• Implementation of CBME across Canadian EM programs
  

Ten Cate O,  Khursigara, Slattery N,  Cruess RL,  Hamstra SJ,  Steinert Y,  Sternszus R.  Medical competence as a multilayered construct. Med Educ.  2024; 58(1): 93-104. doi:10.1111/medu.15162

• Olle ten Cate et al reconceptualize competence.